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- Liver Tissue Regeneration: stem cells have the power to replace damaged hepatocytes and restore liver function. They release growth factors which promote cell proliferation and tissue repair.
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects: SC reduce chronic inflammation, which is a hallmark of liver diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and autoimmune hepatitis, by secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines and suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines. This reduces inflammation and promotes a healing environment.
- Immunomodulation: stem cells balance the immune response in autoimmune and inflammatory liver diseases by reducing the activity of natural killer cells and macrophages that contribute to liver injury. This helps in conditions like autoimmune hepatitis by minimizing immune attacks on liver tissue.
- Anti-Fibrotic Effects: stem cells have the power to reverse or prevent fibrosis by inhibiting the activation of hepatic stellate cells, which are responsible for producing fibrotic tissue. This reduces liver stiffness and improves functionality.
- Promoting Angiogenesis: stem cells enhance blood flow to damaged areas of the liver to support healing by releasing pro-angiogenic factors which stimulate the formation of new blood vessels. Improved vascularization aids in delivering oxygen and nutrients to regenerating liver cells.